The green vehicle routing problem: A systematic literature review

Recent decades have seen increasing utilization of optimization packages, based on Operations Research and Mathematical Programming techniques, for effective management the provision goods services in distribution systems. Large numbers real-world applications widely shown that use computerized procedures process planning produces substantial savings (generally from 5% to 20%) global transportation costs. The impact these economic system is significant. involves all stages production systems represents a relevant component 10% final cost goods. green vehicle routing problem (GVRP) an emerging research field attracts many researchers. This survey paper aims classify review literature GVRPs various perspectives. covers publications between 2006 2019 including 309 papers. To this end, systematic has been implemented order respond corresponding questions related area. study proposes extensive structure compromising aspects variants GVRPs, objective functions, uncertainty, solutions approach analyze studies different Some new areas drawn classification, uncertainties, solution methodologies, finally, function approaches future directions. results show researches are relatively fresh there still room large improvements several areas.